Books for Children, Books for Adults

In this groundbreaking and wide-ranging study, Teresa Michals explores why some books originally written for a mixed-age audience, such as Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, eventually became children's literature, while others, such as Samuel Richardson's Pamela, became adult novels. Michals considers how historically specific ideas about age shaped not only the readership of novels, but also the ways that characters are represented within them. Arguing that age is first understood through social status, and later through the ideal of psychological development, the book examines the new determination of authors at the end of the nineteenth century, such as Henry James, to write for an audience of adults only. In these novels and in their reception, a world of masters and servants became a world of adults and children. 'This is the first critical study of so-called children's literature to question the very category of childhood. Michals not only historicizes the notion of childhood but also does so in a way that brilliantly attaches that history to the rise of a metrics of psychological selfhood. As a result, Books for Children, Books for Adults refines all previous accounts of the rise of the English novel by establishing a direct connection between the changing canon of the novel and the equally mutable standard of liberal citizenship.' Nancy Armstrong, Duke University 'A significant addition to the familiar story of 'the rise of the novel.' Times Higher Education